On various biological surfaces, oil is adsorbed from water surfaces and transported along the leaf. This effect differs from technical solutions, as oil-water separation is achieved without external energy and without toxic substances. The aim of this work is to transfer this biological effect to a usable technology. For this purpose, the biological model is analysed, abstracted, transferred to a technical textile and the textile is integrated into a product. The technical realisation of this abstracted principle is possible using hydrophobic knitted spacer fabrics. They have a macrostructure, are structurally elastic and the surface chemistry is adjusted by coating (Fig. 3). The bionic textile is integrated into a floating device. The BOA demonstrator on TRL 4 can remove up to 4 litres of diesel per hour. It is intended for use in harbour areas. Another promising application is in the event of flooding and pollution of inland waters and urban water treatment plants. Overall, this bionic textile offers added value as it enables oil-water separation without additional energy and without toxic substances. The technology is ecologically sustainable, as both the textile and the separated oil can be reused. It is also economically sustainable, as the textile is up to 13 times cheaper than sorption materials when used for 21 days. Overall, this dissertation successfully transfers the biological principle to a bionic textile and presents a product for its use in the completely new application of oil-water separation. This is the first time that superhydrophobic surfaces are used outside the reduction of friction, although this represents a distinct area of research in bionics.