In Turkey, where cotton is used extensively in the textile and ready-made clothing industry, a significant amount of agricultural and cellulose-rich wastes are generated in enterprises and yarn production. Currently, since these residues cannot be used in yarn production, they are either mixed into animal feed or used in mushroom cultivation, and their added value and unit values are relatively low. Approximately 100 tons/month of this waste is used as feed in our enterprises, and it is estimated that the region has an average waste capacity of 1,500 tons/month. It is estimated that the potential amount of this waste in our country is around 15,000 tons/month. Integration of cotton waste into high-value nano- and microscale materials is a promising path to promote a more sustainable future in materials science. This work aims to seamlessly integrate nano/micro cellulosic materials into industrial applications and provide an environmentally responsible alternative to traditional petroleum-based polymers. Obtaining high value-added nanocrystalline cellulose and microfibrillated cellulose from the waste materials in question, using the products as reinforcement materials in the production of plastic composites and cardboard, and measuring the performance of plastic and cardboard materials using nanocrystalline cellulose have been characterized.