Pervasive technology, the “Internet of Things” (IoT), and Big Data add new digital sensing and connectivity functionality to previously analogue products, resulting in novel digital products. Smart textiles are an integral part of this trend due to the increasing demand for low-profile, on-body measurement solutions for vital parameters. Garments of all types are fitted with sensor nodes to capture human activity in an ecologically valid environment without impacting the wearer. For example, textile sensors that detect moisture enable the measurement of skin perspiration, which in turn allow an inference about the user’s physical stress. Main criteria for textile sensors in this context are sensitivity, stretchability, range of detection, response time, linearity, power consumption and durability.
Textile sensor integration in clothing creates new fields of application because of their imperceptibility during human activity for gathering biometric data, especially in sports. Endurance running's popularity is attributed to its accessibility, but respiratory distress deters some individuals. Respiratory monitoring, facilitated by wearable sensors seamlessly integrated into running apparel, can prevent this issue and provide real-time respiratory feedback. Moreover, Smart textiles aid emergency personnel, particularly firefighters, in improving performance and combating heat stress. By utilizing moisture-sensing jacket linings and integrated actuators for proactive cooling interventions, these technologies enhance work conditions and protect their health.